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The flag of Vietnam, or "red flag with a gold star" (), was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year . The background was inspired by the red flag, used by the international communist movement since the Paris Commune of 1871. Red symbolizes revolution and blood. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businessmen and military personnel.〔"()"〕 The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. At the end of World War II, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed Vietnam independent and signed a decree on September 5, 1945 adopting the flag as the flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.〔(Decree number 5 of September 05, 1945 ), 'Archive of Vietnamese legal documents''.〕 The DRV became the government of North Vietnam in 1954 following the Geneva Accords. The flag was modified on November 30, 1955 to make the edges of the star sharper.〔(Resolution number 249/SL of November 30, 1955 ), ''Archive of Vietnamese legal documents''.〕 Until the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, South Vietnam used a yellow flag with three red stripes. The red flag of North Vietnam was adopted as the flag of the new unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976.〔"(Resolution of July 07, 1976 )", ''Archive of Vietnamese legal documents''.〕 ==Design and history== According to the 1992 constitution: "The National Flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is rectangular in shape, its width is equal to two thirds of its length, in the middle of fresh red background is a bright five-pointed golden star".〔''Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam'', (Article 141 ).〕 The flag first appeared in the southern uprising () of November 23, 1940, against French rule in southern Vietnam.〔"(VN Embassy : Flag Designer Urban Myths Squelched )", ''Embassy of the Socialist Republic in Vietnam in the United States of America''.〕 A series of articles by Sơn Tùng on the origin of the flag were published in the state media in 1981.〔Sơn Tùng's writing was published in installments in the newspaper ''Sài Gòn Giải Phóng'' and later as a book entitled ''Nguyễn Hữu Tiến'' (1981).〕 Sơn Tùng stated that the flag was designed by Nguyễn Hữu Tiến, a leader of the uprising who was arrested by the French in advance of the failed uprising and executed Aug. 28, 1941.〔 Tiến, who was born in the northern village of Lũng Xuyên, was unknown to the Vietnamese public before Tùng's research was published. According to a poem Tiến wrote, the red background represents blood while the yellow foreground represents "the color of our race’s skin", the five points of the star represent intellectuals, peasants, workers, traders and soldiers. Tiến's poem reads in part:
In April 2001, Vietnam's Ministry of Culture reported that there was no documentation to support the claim that Tiến designed the flag. In 2005, Lê Minh Đức, an official of Tiền Giang province, suggested that the flag was designed by another cadre, Lê Quang Sô, a native of Mỹ Tho Province in the Mekong delta. Đức's theory is based on statements by Sô's son as well as Sô's 1968 memoir. According to Đức, yellow was chosen to represent Vietnam while the red background was inspired by the flag of the Communist Party and represents revolution. Sô experimented with stars in various positions and sizes before choosing a large star in the center for aesthetic reasons. In April 1940, the flag was approved by Phan Văn Khỏe, the Communist party chief of Mỹ Tho. It was subsequently approved by the national party in July.〔 As of 2006, the state media has not commented on Đức's version of events.〔"(Tác giả quốc kỳ: vẫn là dấu chấm hỏi )", ''Tuổi Trẻ'', Nov. 23, 2006〕 The flag was displayed at a conference on May 19, 1941, at which the Viet Minh was founded.〔''(Ho Chi Minh )'', Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1988, p. 76. "on May 19, 1941 Viet Minh Front officially made its appearance, and holding high the gold star red flag."〕 The Viet Minh proclaimed it a "national flag" on August 17, 1945, at a meeting held in the village of Tân Trào in the North. When the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, the Viet Minh entered Hanoi and proclaimed the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" on September 2. On September 5, DRV President Ho Chi Minh signed a decree adopting the Vietminh flag.〔 French troops returned in October and restored colonial rule in the South. The National Assembly voted unanimously to adopt the flag on March 2, 1946.〔Phút Tán Nguyẽn, ''(A Modern History of Viet-nam (1802-1954) )'', 1964. p. 502. "The Assembly then adopted national Anthem and national flag, approved a new Cabinet and a Committee in charge of the drafting of the Vietnamese Constitution."〕 Following the Geneva Accord between Viet Minh and France in 1954, the DRV became the government of North Vietnam. On November 30, 1955, the flag's design was modified slightly to make the star smaller and its edges straighter.〔 This followed a similar modification of the Flag of the Soviet Union. The flag was adopted in the South after the end of the Vietnam war, and North and South were unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flag of Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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